Greg Gurshman - "Pianta Su!" or alpine skiing through the eyes of a coach. Learning the technique of giant slalom

This season, manufacturers have provided us with a wide selection of skis that allow us to choose a variety of models within a seemingly narrow range of such a specific target group. The fact is that the skis on which the athletes compete are produced in accordance with the requirements of the FIS, but the geometry of the "shop" models has every right to differ from the established norms. And as a result, each manufacturer makes skis whose sidecut radius (or own turning radius) can be significantly less than 21 meters - FIS limits. Among the skis presented in our tests, the Dynamic VR 27 Geant model had the smallest radius - 15.5 m, and this value can be considered small even for cross-country skis. The result is skis that are much better suited for amateur free skiing than models designed to be used only on competition tracks. And they work at a slightly lower speed, and not on the hardest slope they are well controlled, and the turning radius can be chosen “for yourself”. If you want a little shorter turns, you can take the already mentioned Dynamic VR 27 Geant, Rossignol 9X or Fischer RC4 Worldcup RC, and if you are drawn to the longest turns, you can already look at the Atomic GS 11m or Volkl Racetiger GS Racing with their 19-meter cutout.
Quite aside (moreover, “on opposite sides” from the main part of the skis of this group) are two models: the “sports shop” Head GS and the “blue” Atomic LT 11 m. And if the first model is a real precision sports equipment for a powerful trained specialist, then the second one is more likely to become the choice of a light skier who loves the accuracy of smooth turns and sensitive skis at high speed. In other words, if you are planning to buy this group of skis, the choice this year is very wide: everyone will find a tool to their liking.

Atomic GS:11m
Recommended retail price - 29998 rubles (with Neox 412 mounts)
Geometry 104-65-94 mm (181 cm)
Sidecut radius 19 m (181 cm)
The size of skis in the test is 181 cm. Available sizes are 166, 171, 176, 181, 186 cm

Design features:

Athletes reviews:

• Suitable as training skis for a giant. Exit the turn with acceleration, good feedback, the ski is obedient to every movement.
• Very good skis for giant trails, also in small mountains. Fast skating in large arcs is also very good, but it requires high speed, empty slopes and good preparation - both technical and physical.
• A large skier at speed will “drive” it into a short arc.

Expert reviews:

• Almost as stable as a ski from the sports shop, but a little lighter and more playful. A great option to drive in the big mountains. They will do well for competitions, if only the FIS would allow it, the radius is too small.
• Good GS ski. At low speeds, you experience a little difficulty entering the turn, but as soon as you accelerate, the hard icy slope cuts like butter.
• Aircraft on a prepared slope - high speed, front desk, no errors in technique - this is the happiness of a GS fan.
• Good giant skis. Need more speed and softer snow. They hold well in short arcs.
• Compared to other skis, they seemed to me somewhat softer, it starts to work at lower speeds.

Editor's comment:
All testers liked Rostovka

Atomic LT:11
Recommended retail price - 25998 rubles (with Neox 412 mounts)
Geometry 110-66-96 mm (170 cm)
Sidecut radius 17 m (170 cm)
The size of skis in the test is 170 cm. Available sizes are 160, 170, 180 cm

Design features:
Construction: Beta 4 Race profile. Profile material - Titanium. Material Power Channels - Magnesium. Aerospeed decorative coating. Sliding surface WC Racing Base. Durable Dura Edge edge technology. B4 chassis interface. Recommended mounts - Atomic Neox 412, Neox 614, Atomic Race

Athletes reviews:

• Perhaps, for a giant, the size is short, but I want to ride slalom arcs. At medium speed, arcs are cut in both SL and GS. Exit from the slalom turn with acceleration. They forgive mistakes, they are not very critical to the rack - except for the very rear gray.
• Good for intermediate and advanced skiers for trips to big mountains on good slopes.
• A good ski for comfortable skiing on prepared slopes. For the GS track, it is soft for a big man, just right for a light skier or a girl.

Expert reviews:

• For a wide range of skiers on prepared slopes in modern technology. You can even start with them and then progress for several years - if a person is athletic. Range - from ice to loose snow, tenacious and light ski.
• Very easy to manage. Stable! Good in both short and long arcs. Perfectly clings to the edges. (review of a woman)
• Good ski, forgives small mistakes.
• Very cheerful, sensitive, even hooligan ski! Light, fast turns, excellent control, optimal feedback at the exit of the turn. Super!
• You have to be a real woman to really appreciate this ski, and I'm a tough guy.

Editor's comment:
Rostovka was liked by almost everyone

Design features:
AUTODRIVE construction: cap + sandwich (back). Technologies: Autodrive Flex Plate, oversized sidewalls. Material - titanium. The core is a tree. Sliding surface LGD. Recommended mounts Look PX 12 TI

Athletes reviews:

• Great ski - very comfortable and safe. Goes with any arcs on any snow. It is simply impossible to tear it off the cut arc.
• Requires effort. With active work, you can do a lot. They hold the arc, at speed you can go in short turns.
• Good giant ski, moderately stiff, good control on medium and long turns.
• They begin to work at high speeds, while they can cut arcs and a small radius, sensitive to edge overturning. They want to go faster and more beautifully than all. But the ski is “working” - you won’t relax.

Expert reviews:

• High speeds, active work. The ski is strict, it does not give a freebie. He does everything perfectly, but only at high speeds and without relaxation.
• Pleasant, predictable skis with clear guidance. Recommended for prepared slopes in the mountains for an active skier, a speed lover. But such a size is more suitable for the Moscow region, it is better to take a longer one to the mountains.
• Excellent, fairly versatile ski with a sporty character, resistant to twisting.
• Require skill, begin to reveal their qualities at high speed.

Editor's comment:
On a short slope, the size suited everyone.

Dynamic VR 27 Geant
Recommended retail price - 23598 rubles (with Neox 412 mounts)
Geometry 110-65-96.5 mm (172 cm)
Sidecut radius 15.5 m (172 cm)
The size of skis in the test is 172 cm. Available sizes are 163, 172, 181 cm

Design features:
Construction: Momentum profile. Profile material - Alu 11 P15. Material Air Channels - Titanium. Decorative covering Glossy. Sliding surface UHMW Electra Graphite Base. Durable Dura Edge edge technology. Recommended mounts - Neox 412

Athletes reviews:

• For a slope near Moscow - a normal size for giant slalom competitions, and for a large track they are short. Not too strict, but at the same time holding an arc, obedient.
• The ski normally cuts only short turns, as soon as you try to make it go in a large radius arc, it breaks down and tries to turn. Requires constant control over the position of the body.
• Lightweight, nimble ski for mid-range arcs (non-GS). When trying to ride a large arc, it tends to quickly close the turn, the end of the arc is sharp, the skis are accelerated, pushed into a new turn. Good for comfortable skiing, similar in character to slalom skis.

Expert reviews:

• They work great in medium turns, the end of the turn is a little blurry, the skis provoke you to finish the turn faster. Fast turnaround.
• Stable, love speed, push to go fast. Confident entry into the turn, clear maintenance of closed arcs.
• They don't quite fit their class. Rather, an expert carver for lovers of medium arcs at medium and high speeds. They will be good on a steep slope - they clearly close the arc, but control is needed.

Editor's comment:
Most of the men responded with insufficient size.

Design features:
Construction: sandwich. Technology - World Cup Tuning. Material - Air Carbon Ti. FT Frame vibration harmonization system. World Cup Edge technology. Race Plate interface. Recommended mounts are FR 17 Freeflex.

Athletes reviews:

• Suitable for novice athletes - they begin to work at medium speeds, they forgive mistakes. Easy to drive in the front stance, allow you to ride in a slightly back.
• Good sports skis that need work. cut through any bumps and porridge.
• Very good both on the track and for free skating in a sporty style. Very good edge grip, easy to turn, long and medium turns work well.
• Stable at speed, you trust the ski, they accelerate superbly - for lovers of high-speed skiing.
• Perfectly balanced ski for different conditions, full control and pleasure.
• In the suburbs, there is not enough speed and length of the slope to fully appreciate it.

Expert reviews:

• The most versatile ski in the giant slalom range. Not bad go and in average arcs.
• Strict, rigid, predictable, confidently hold the arc - the choice of technical and experienced skiers.
• For free carving - a little thoughtful, you expect a faster reaction from them, but they are stable at any speed that they managed to develop in the suburbs and excellent tenacity of the edges.
• The main thing is to be able to finish the first turn, and then - the higher the speed, the more reliable the arc.

Editor's comment:
Rostovka fit all

Design features:
Construction: sandwich. Technologies: Liquidmatal®. Intelligence®, Wood core. Material: Liquidmatal®. Sliding surface - UHM-C race structured. Edge processing Edge super finish. Recommended mountings Tyrolia FF Plus 17

"Giant slalom"

Is done by a student

course, group E-16

Vaytsyushenko Oleg Petrovich

Record book No. E-13256

Checked by: Poddubsky Pavel Valerievich

Moscow, 2014

Introduction

Main part

Giant slalom

Zhirov Alexander Vasilievich

Giant slalom at the Paralympic Games

Alexey Sergeevich Bugaev

Bibliography

Introduction

A Brief History of the Winter Olympics

The Winter Olympic Games are the largest winter sports competitions held internationally. The International Olympic Committee holds them every four years. The first time such large-scale winter sports competitions were held was in 1924. Then they were held as an addition to the summer competitions. In 1908 and 1920, some winter sports entered the Summer Olympics. Between 1924 and 1992, winter and summer sports were held in the same year. This system has changed since 1994. The Olympics began to be held with a difference of two years.

The first competitions that were held on an international scale, with winter sports, were the Nordic Games, held in Stockholm. They ran from 1901 to 1926.

Ice skating was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1908. Although their inclusion was supposed as early as 1894, when the International Olympic Committee was created. In the first year, four sets of awards were played in such a form as figure skating. Then the Swede Ulrich Salchow won the compulsory program. In the free program, then Nikolai Panin-Kolomenkin from Russia was in first place. In the women's team, Madge Sayers (England) won. Among the couples, the best were the Germans - Anna Hübler and Heinrich Burger.

In 1911, a session of the International Olympic Committee was held, at which a proposal was made to organize a "Winter Sports Week" at the next games. This proposal was rejected because the next games, which were to be held in 1912, were organized by Sweden. And she was afraid of competition with her Northern Games.

When preparations were underway for the next games, the issue of organizing a “Winter Sports Week” was raised again. This time, the First World War intervened. And only in 1920, the program of the Olympic competitions held in Antwerp included figure skating and ice hockey.

"International sports week on the occasion of the VIII Olympiad" was held in 1924 in France in Chamonix. The organizer was the International Olympic Committee. The competition was so popular that this "week" was called the first Winter Olympics.

It all started with the fact that competitions with winter and summer sports were held in the same year. They were separated in 1994. Until now, this division has been preserved and the games are held, approximately in an equal period of time, which is two years.

Sports that are included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games

Alpine skiing (included in the program in 1936). Cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, figure skating, speed skating, bobsleigh, curling and ice hockey have been on the program since 1924. Biathlon (1960), luge (1964). Freestyle and short track have been on the program since 1992. In 1998, snowboarding was added to the program. Skeleton was presented several times in the program - in 1928, 1948 and 2002.

Giant slalom

The first alpine skiing competition, including one similar to modern giant slalom, was organized by Mathias Zdarsky in Lilienfeld in 1905.

The FIS introduced giant slalom as the fourth event in the Alpine Skiing World Championships in Aspen in 1950, along with downhill, slalom and combined. The first giant slalom world champions were Dagmar Rom and Zeno Col ò. The most successful athletes in this event in the history of the Olympic Games were Deborah Compagnoni and Alberto Tomba, who won this event twice at the Olympic Games.

With the organization of multi-stage competitions for the Alpine Skiing World Cup, this discipline has become one of the main types of multi-round competitions. The athlete who won in this discipline more than others at the World Cup during the season was awarded a small Crystal Globe. The most successful athletes in the history of the World Cups in this discipline were Freni Schneider, who received a small Crystal Globe four times and won 20 individual events, and Ingemar Stenmark, who received a small Crystal Globe eight times and won 46 individual events in giant slalom. World Cup.

Conducting giant slalom competitions

Giant slalom competitions must always be held on two courses for men and women. For children - one track. After the first attempt, the tracks are rearranged. If possible, the races should be held on the same day.

Track Requirements

Height difference:

· for men from 250 to 450 m

· for women from 250 to 400 m

· for children - maximum 250 m

At the Olympic Games, World Championships and FIS World Cups, the minimum height difference for men and women is 300m.

The gate consists of four slalom poles and two flags. Gates must be alternately red and blue. Flag panels must be at least 75 cm wide and 50 cm high. The lower edge of the cloth should be at a distance of 1 m from the snow surface. Gate width - from 4 to 8 m

The number of turns should be equal to 11-15% of the height difference.

The width of the track should be sufficient, on average about 40 m.

All competitors are divided into groups. The first group of 15 people are the participants with the highest FIS points. Among these participants, a draw is made, which determines the starting order in the first attempt. The second group includes participants who have FIS points lower than the participants in the first group. They start in the order of the FIS points scored. In the third group, all other competitors without FIS points start. Among the participants of the third group, there is also a draw for the start in the first attempt.

In the second attempt, the athletes start in accordance with the results shown in the first attempt. At the same time, for the first 30 participants who showed the best results in the first attempt, the following start order is established:

the one with the 30th result starts first;

who showed the 29th result - the second;

who showed the 28th result - the third

the one with the 1st result starts thirtieth

Sometimes, by decision of the jury, the number of places for which the reverse starting order applies can be reduced to 15.

The winner of the competition is determined by the shortest time on the sum of two attempts.

All participants are required to wear a protective helmet and skis must be equipped with ski stops.

Zhirov Alexander Vasilievich

Soviet skier, master of sports of the USSR of international class, repeated champion of the USSR, winner of 4 stages of the World Cup. He specialized in slalom and giant slalom.

short biography

He started skiing in the village of Shukolovo, not far from his native village of Dedenevo. The first coach is Valentin Mikhailovich Shirokov. At the age of 15, he joined CSKA, where he trained with Viktor Tal'yanov. In the USSR national team, he trained under the guidance of Leonid Tyagachev

He made his debut in the World Cup on February 7, 1979 in Oslo on the slalom track and took 23rd place, losing almost 4 seconds to the winner Italian Leonardo David<#"justify">1.Wikipedia website http://ru.wikipedia.org/

2. Arguments and Facts website

Website "Komsomolskaya Pravda" http://krsk.kp.ru/

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It is one of the varieties of skiing. It is characterized by descent from the mountains with the help of specially designed skis, along a pre-prepared figured track. Also known as a type of active winter recreation. There are several disciplines in skiing: slalom, downhill, mogul, giant slalom, telemark and others.

Giant slalom is a type and in terms of speed, length of the track, height difference is between slalom and downhill.

Giant Slalom Differences

The difference from the usual slalom is the height difference on the track and its great length. The speed of movement of the skier reaches 80 kilometers per hour.

Competitions take place in cut turns with a large radius and a flat slope. If you don’t develop enough speed, the skis won’t flex and cut the slope with edges, the real work begins when you gain the required speed. The task of each skier is to reach the finish line in the shortest time.

The steepness of the arcs is 1.5–2 times inferior to the slalom ones, the duration of sliding in turns is noticeably longer, the speed and power are also greater than the slalom ones.

The gates are marked with paired poles, which are connected with flags that are blue and red and measure 75 × 50 centimeters. The width of the gate is 4–8 meters. They are closed - if they are located vertically along the slope, open - if they are located horizontally, and oblique if the gates are at an angle to the slope line. The minimum distance between the gates must be 10 meters. The skier must go through all the gates, otherwise - disqualification (the result is not counted). Touching the poles and knocking them down is allowed, but passing the goal is counted only if both shoes crossed the goal line. The width of the route reaches 40-60 meters. The lower edge of the flag must be 1 meter from the snow. On the track, you should be wary of poles, because hitting them can lead to tangled legs and a fall. Therefore, skiers try to pass the course as close as possible to the flags in order to shorten the trajectory, even touching the poles with a tangential movement of the shoulder, but at the same time remain careful.

Escape technique

Turns are based on the desire for carved movements with the greatest load on the outdoor track and cutting the edge into the snow. The inclination of the hull corresponds to the speed of movement and should be maximum, but while maintaining the grip of the edge (edge) of the skis with snow.

When descending, the athlete needs to be extremely careful and choose the smoothest trajectory, avoiding lateral slippage of the skis. It is very important in giant slalom to be physically prepared and enduring, which will allow you to stay active from the beginning to the end of the course. Bent joints cause a greater load on the ligaments and muscles.

When the adhesion of the skis to the snow is weakened due to the unevenness of the track or due to the excess of the maximum slope of the body, the skis no longer maintain the trajectory of the turn, which leads to “departures” from the track, the inability to pass the next gate and to falls. This is clearly visible in the video.

When improving the techniques of skating repulsion, first of all, the athlete needs to learn to feel the time and duration, especially at the beginning and at the end of the turn. With early opening with scissors, braking is obtained and time is lost. If the opening is too long, the outer ski is turned too far, which leads to vibrations and slip. The feeling of time and agility in repulsion is gained after many repetitions.

Inexperienced skiers with poor training - both technical and physical - often get into a wedging situation in the scissors position and get out of the way. But this does not serve as a reason for the pass to the inner ski from the outer one, moreover, the body is transferred to a higher trajectory and the speed remains unchanged.

Turns in giant slalom should be performed with half-bent legs, which will allow you to have greater resistance to bumps and loads. It often happens that the transfer of body weight during the transition from one turn to another is delayed by half the turn.

The duration of the main stage of movement in turns obliges special attention to be paid to the skier's stance. Gentle sections are overcome by turns in a closed aerodynamic stance with a bend in the body in the middle of the arc, which requires auxiliary bending of the legs. In a steep place, the skier increases the forward inclination; in the stance, an arbitrary arrangement of hands is observed, which are carried forward.

Both men and women are involved. Two attempts are made, the time of passing each attempt is summed up. After the first race, the tracks are rearranged. There are also competitions for children. Competitions for children are held with one track. The difference in height on the men's slopes ranges from 300-500 meters, for women - 300-400 meters, for children - up to 250 meters. Arrivals should preferably take place on the same day.

At the beginning of the competition, participants are divided into groups of 15 people. In each group, by drawing lots, the first participant of the start for the first attempt and further after it is determined.

The order of the second race is determined by the results of the first. In this case, in each group, the reverse order of start is used, that is, the skier with the first result in the first attempt starts last, and the skier who showed the worst time starts first.

To determine the winners, data for two descents are taken into account.

For all participants in the competition, rules have been established that oblige them to wear a protective helmet and use skis equipped with ski stops.

Write to us if the article was useful.

"Skier's footprint left on the slope" is a translation of the word "slalom" from Scandinavian. Anyone who thinks that skis have been invented recently is mistaken. Even on the Norwegian island of Rodey, a hunter on skis was depicted. Perfectly preserved ancient ski runners have been unearthed in Scandinavian wetlands. These finds are from the so-called stepping skis. The first sliding skis appeared among Finnish and Lapland hunters as early as the sixth century. And in Russian chronicles, these devices were first mentioned in 1444, in connection with a campaign against one of the princes of the Golden Horde. Folk fun, games, fun and even skiing competitions have been pleasing since ancient times.

Modern competitions

There is no limit to human imagination! In addition to the usual skiing competitions, including racing, slalom, downhill skiing, freestyle and others, in recent years, extreme fun using skis has appeared:

• hang gliding with skis;
• parachute jump with skis;
• downhill skiing to overtake a racing driver;
• jumping from an airplane on skis without a parachute;
• skiing on sand dunes;

These very revealing and interesting competitions are not yet included in the official programs.

Categories

Categories of skiing:

1. Alpine - all types of downhill skiing: slalom (giant, super-giant and just slalom), high-speed descents (downhill), a combination of two descents (slalom and speed).

2. Freestyle is a free slow downhill skiing with the simultaneous performance of ski acrobatics, a kind of ski ballet.

3. Northern - ski jumping, races, orienteering competitions, biathlon (ski jump and subsequent race).

4. Snowboarding.

5. Biathlon (cross-country skiing with rifle shooting).

6. Ski-arch (cross-country skiing with archery).

7. Ski tour is one of the categories of sports tourism.

8. Ski mountaineering. This is a free and risky downhill skiing, at which the speed develops very high. It can be compared to jumping from a height.

About giant slalom

In slalom competitions, athletes at great speed must literally fly through a certain number of control points (gates) in the minimum time. For men's and women's races, the number and width of the gates are different and depend on the type of slalom. The control point must not be crossed and skipped, otherwise disqualification is inevitable. Usually, the average result for two attempts is credited to the athlete.

Super giant slalom (downhill skiing) got its name for the increased number of gates, the distance between them and the length of the track.

Super G is an intermediate discipline between giant slalom and downhill (downhill). The only goal is speed. The distance between the control flags, which this downhill skiing is allowed by the rules, is 30 meters. Only one run of the skier is evaluated.

Competition track features

For all high-speed skiing, only tracks with natural terrain are used. First of all, elevation changes are important, how winding the terrain is, what is the length of the route. Flags and goalposts are placed by coaches in compliance with all norms. At the same time, it is important to avoid hidden terrain hazards that can lead to serious falls and injuries.

• Courses with a length of about 450 m and a height difference of 140 m or more are suitable for normal slalom competitions. The smallest distance between the flags is 75 cm.
• Giant slalom is held on tracks, the length of which is 1 km or 1.5 km, the height difference is up to five hundred meters, the width of the gate is 13 m.
• In the super giant slalom, the flags are placed at a distance of thirty meters from each other. The length of the track is up to 2.5 km, the height difference is up to six hundred meters.
• Downhill skiing is carried out on perfectly straight tracks, without jumps, hillocks and bumps. The best performance is achieved by athletes on high-altitude routes with rarefied air. Skiers in aerodynamic suits, using a special position of the body, develop tremendous speeds in this type of competition. Accelerating by jumping (with a large slope of the track), the athletes, making a downhill skiing, showed an impressive speed record: more than 200 km per hour.

A few half-joking wishes for beginners (and not only) skiers

A person involved can achieve the highest results in downhill.

Good advice:

• In order to fall less, you should learn to slow down.
• Any bruises, scratches and even moral injuries heal.
• The higher the speed, the faster the mountain ends.
• It is foolish to hope that people who are accidentally shot down or hurt during the descent will not repay the same by catching up with you next time.
• Whatever the results of the descent, warm coffee and friends await below, at worst - an ambulance.

Skiing- This is a type of skiing, the essence of which is skiing down the mountains along a track marked with special flags and gates. Alpine skiing includes 5 sports disciplines (types): slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom (super giant), downhill, ski combination.

Slalom - downhill skiing along a track 450 to 500 m long. The slalom track is marked with gates 3.5-4 meters wide and 0.7-15 meters apart. The height difference between start and finish is 60-150 meters. During the slalom, the athlete must pass through all the gates, for non-compliance with this rule - disqualification.

Giant slalom differs from the usual one in the length of the track (from 1 to 1.5 km) and the width of the gate (from 4 to 8 meters). During the giant slalom, athletes have time to accelerate to 80 km / h.

Super-G is an even more difficult discipline, due to the longer track length and large elevation changes.

The essence of downhill skiing is to overcome a certain route in the minimum time.

Ski combination (alpine combination or alpine skiing combined) is a type of skiing, the winner of which is determined by the results in several types.

The history of the emergence of skiing

Skiing originated in Scandinavia in the mid-18th century. At that time, skis were the only means of transportation for the peasants who lived in the mountains. The skis themselves looked a little different than modern ones: they were shorter, and instead of the usual two ski poles, there was one elongated one with a widened end. The oldest surviving skis are in the museum in Oslo (length 110 cm, width 20 cm).

The first ski competitions were held in Norway in 1843, the competition program included downhill skiing, ski jumping and high-speed running on the plain.

In 1896, the Austrian mountaineer and skier Matthias Zdarsky made a non-stop descent with turns. The "thrust" technique is entirely his invention. In 1905, skiers even competed in the Alps, in which they had to make the maximum number of turns in a given segment.

In 1911, the first downhill competitions were held.

In 1936, slalom and downhill made their Olympic debuts. Since 1988, the program of the Olympic Games has 5 disciplines: slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom (super giant), downhill, ski combination.

Equipment and equipment for skiing

Alpine skis are heavier, shorter and wider than regular skis. As a rule, they are made of composite materials and for a specific athlete. The main criteria for choosing alpine skis are: stiffness, length, geometry and turning radius.

Ski boots are an equally important piece of equipment. Ski boots have a large number of adjustments for an optimal and comfortable "fit" of the boot on the leg. Modern ski boots consist of an inner and outer boot. They put on a special ski sock (moderately thick and long).

Boot bindings consist of a front head and heel that are mounted directly on the ski or on a platform that is attached to it. Sometimes ski-platform-binding systems are used, which facilitate the installation of bindings, and also provide the ability to deflect the ski under the hard sole of the boot.

Ski poles are usually made of aluminum, composite materials or carbon fiber. A ski pole consists of four main parts: a handle, a tip, a ring and a shaft. Curved poles are used for downhill or giant slalom.

A ski helmet provides not only head protection from injuries when falling, but also provides comfortable skiing (head ventilation, protection from cold and snow). Goggles are included with the helmet.

Clothing for skiing must protect the athlete from wind and moisture, but retain heat well and have good aerodynamic performance. Ski equipment should be comfortable and free. As a rule, a set of clothes consists of a jacket and trousers. It does not do without numerous accessories for skiing, these include various backpacks and covers.

Refereeing

The composition of the judging panel in alpine skiing includes: